由病原体引起的作物病害严重影响全球粮食安全和植物生态。病原体很好地适应了它们的寄主植物,并发展出了复杂的机制,允许成功地定植。反过来,植物也采取措施来抵御病原体的攻击,从而引发了一场进化军备竞赛。最近的研究提供了关于两种植物Kiwellin蛋白<斜体>Zea mays斜体>如何减轻chorismate mutase Cmu1的活性的机制见解,Cmu1是真菌病原体<斜体>Ustilago maydis斜体>在玉米感染期间分泌的毒力因子。猕猴桃素以前被认为是猕猴桃中的人类过敏原,它的生物学功能显然与植物防御有关。我们将蛋白质组数据分析与结构预测相结合,以获得Kiwellin蛋白家族的整体概述,该家族被细分为具有n端kissper结构域的蛋白质和不具有n端kissper结构域的蛋白质。我们发现猕猴桃在各种植物中都是进化保守的。在每一种植物基因组中,平均有5个基韦林平行序列被编码。结构预测表明,barwin样蛋白和Kiwellins蛋白不能单纯在序列水平上进行区分。我们的数据表明,Kiwellins出现在陆地植物(胚胎植物)中,而不像之前所建议的那样存在于真菌中。 They evolved
由于全球急剧的气候变化,干旱变得更加普遍。因此,最相容的真菌群落在环境约束下协同促进植物发育和生态生理反应。然而,对于非寄主植物和内生真菌共生体在水分亏缺时产生促进生长和缓解压力激素的具体相互作用,我们知之甚少。< / p >
The current research was rationalized and aimed at exploring the influence of the newly isolated, drought-resistant, ACC deaminase enzyme-producing endophytic fungi
The current findings revealed that the co-inoculation promoted a significant enhancement in growth traits such as dry weight (217%), fresh weight (123%), root length (65%), shoot length (53%), carotenoids (87%), and chlorophyll content (76%) in comparison to control plants under water deficit. Total soluble sugars (0.56%), proteins (132%), lipids (43%), flavonoids (52%), phenols (34%), proline (55%), GA3 (86%), IAA (35%), AsA (170%), SA (87%), were also induced, while H2O2 (-45%), ABA (-60%) and ACC level (-77%) was decreased by co-inoculation of TP and TR in
The finding may alert scientists to consider the impacts of optimal reduction of ethylene and induction of antioxidant potential on drought stress tolerance in
全球气候变化引起的非生物胁迫(例如,干旱、盐度、极端温度、重金属和紫外线辐射)破坏了脆弱的农业生态系统的稳定,损害了植物的生长性能,从而降低了作物的产量和质量。生物刺激素作为一种有前途的环保方法,被广泛用于解决环境问题,满足发展可持续/现代农业的需要。目前的知识表明,植物和动物来源的刺激物(例如,海藻和植物提取物、腐殖质物质和蛋白质水解物)以及微生物刺激物(例如,植物有益细菌或真菌)具有极大的潜力,可以诱导植物对各种非生物胁迫的耐受,从而增强植物生长和性能相关参数(如根生长/直径、开花、养分利用效率/转运、土壤保水能力和微生物活性)。然而,要在气候变化条件下成功实施基于生物刺激素的大田农业,需要从物理化学、代谢和分子水平了解生物刺激素应对各种非生物胁迫的农业功能和作用机制。因此,本文试图揭示各种生物刺激剂在缓解非生物压力方面的潜在作用机制,并讨论在不断变化的气候条件下,生物刺激剂在农业中的商业化和实施中面临的挑战
作物昆虫的精确识别是智能植保的关键方面。近年来,随着深度学习方法的发展,昆虫识别的效率有了显著提高。然而,现有模型对小昆虫目标的识别率对于昆虫预警或精确可变农药施药仍然不足。小昆虫在图像上占用的像素信息较少,使得模型更难提取特征信息。< / p >
To improve the identification accuracy of small insect targets, in this paper, we proposed S-ResNet, a model improved from the ResNet, by varying its convolution kernel. The branch of the residual structure was added and the Feature Multiplexing Module (FMM) was illustrated. Therefore, the feature expression capacity of the model was improved using feature information of different scales. Meanwhile, the Adjacent Elimination Module (AEM) was furtherly employed to eliminate the useless information in the extracted features of the model.
The training and validation results showed that the improved residual structure improved the feature extraction ability of small insect targets compared to the original model. With compare of 18, 30, or 50 layers, the S-ResNet enhanced the identification accuracy of small insect targets by 7% than that on the ResNet model with same layer depth.
黄肺病(HLB)是世界柑橘最严重的病害,与三种不可培养的韧皮部限制细菌<斜体>Candidatus斜体> Liberibacter asiaticus(<斜体>C斜体>Las)、<斜体>Ca斜体> L. africanus(<斜体>C斜体>Laf)和<斜体b> Ca斜体> L. americanus(<斜体>C斜体>Lam)有关。<斜体>C斜体>Las由亚洲柑橘木虱<斜体> citri Diaphorina citri斜体>传播,并已传播到几个国家。非洲木虱<斜体>Trioza erytreae斜体>,载体<斜体>C斜体>Laf产于非洲及其邻近岛屿。世界上只有两个主要柑橘种植区——澳大利亚/新西兰和地中海盆地——仍然没有hlb。然而,<斜体> T。最近引进欧洲大陆(葡萄牙和西班牙)的erytreae已经成为柑橘生产的潜在威胁。<斜体>C斜体>Las由<斜体>T传输。Erytreae 斜体>曾被假定,但从未测试过。评估<斜体>T的风险。斜体>传输<斜体>C斜体>Las,比较<斜体>C斜体>Las与<斜体>T的传输。 erytreae and
Transmission tests were performed on excised leaves and seedlings of
Our results showed that
Thus, extreme precautions to prevent any entry of
蛋白激酶通过信号转导在植物响应环境变化中发挥重要作用。作为蛋白质激酶的一个大家族,蔗糖非发酵-1 (SNF1)相关激酶(SnRKs)在许多植物中被发现并被证实具有功能。然而,对于<斜体>Zea mays斜体>的<斜体>SnRK斜体>家族知之甚少。< / p > Evolutionary relationships, chromosome locations, gene structures, conserved motifs, and cis-elements in promoter regions were systematically analyzed. Besides, tissue-specific and stress-induced expression patterns of In total, 60