<粗体>结论:粗体>这些结果表明,激活或阻断VP中的gaba能传输会损害动机性行为。此外,由这些相反的障碍产生的行为表达表明,VP可能参与焦虑驱动的强迫性障碍,如强迫症,以及由注意力缺陷或奖励寻求引起的冲动性障碍,如多动症或冲动控制障碍
睡眠不足在世界范围内普遍存在,在许多情况下,睡眠不足对健康和安全造成的损害都得到了体现。因此,了解睡眠不足如何影响大脑和决策是很重要的。大量文献记录了睡眠剥夺对认知过程的不利影响,包括认知灵活性,这是一种评估新反馈并做出适当行为调整的能力。动物模型经常被用来揭示因睡眠不足而改变的分子、基因和神经回路。在此,我们采用翻译方法来模拟睡眠剥夺对大鼠认知刚性的影响,即认知灵活性受损。
有几种方法来评估认知刚性;在本研究中,我们采用了一种成对辨别反转任务。据我们所知,这是第一次用这种范式来研究睡眠剥夺。在这个触摸屏操作平台上,我们训练大鼠从两幅图像中选择一幅来获得蔗糖颗粒奖励。如果选择了没有奖励的图像,大鼠继续进行校正试验,两幅图像都以之前的相同位置呈现。这种图像呈现一直持续到大鼠选择正确的图像为止。 Once rats reached performance criteria, the reward contingencies were reversed. In one group of rats the initial reversal session was preceded by 10 h of sleep deprivation. We compared those rats to controls with undisturbed sleep on the number of sessions to reach performance criteria, number of trials per session, response latencies, correct responses, errors, perseverative errors and perseveration bouts in the initial training and reversal phases.
We report that on reversal session one, sleep deprived rats completed a fraction of the trials completed by controls. On subsequent reversal sessions, the sleep deprived rats struggled to adapt to the reversed contingencies despite completing a similar number of trials, suggesting an effect of cognitive rigidity separate from fatigue.
We discuss the delayed performance dynamics incurred by sleep loss in the context of fatigue and the implications of using pairwise discrimination reversal as a model to further examine the effects of sleep loss on adaptive decision making.